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Sequence of Tenses for the Subjunctive Mood: Latin has two sequences: Primary and Secondary/Historical. For most scenarios in Latin, the rules are such: A primary tense main verb is followed by a primary tense subjunctive subordinate verb A secondary tense main verb is followed by a secondary tense subjunctive subordinate verb. Each of these sequences is futher sub-divided into two catagories based on the time relationship between the main clause and the subordinate clause. The action of the subordinate clause can either be contemporary to the action of the main verb or occur prior to that action. Observe the chart below:
Participles Participles are adjectives formed from a root verb as follows:
These formed adjectives can be declined normally to modify any noun in a regular fashion. They can also function as nouns themselves; for example, "running". He likes running and The running boy.
Ablative Aboslute This construction is formed by using a a noun or pronoun that is modified by a participle in the ablaive case. This two word construction is often only marginally related to the rest of the sentence and is usually set off by commas, as in The plan having been made, the men went to sleep.
Passive Paraphrastic The passive paraphrastic construction conveys a sense of necessity in a sentence, as in He must do this with care. It is formed by taking the future passive participle of the verb (often called the gerundive) with a form of sum, which indicated the person, number, and tense. For example, haec femina laudanda est translates to this woman must be praised. |
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